Where are commodity crops certified, and what does it mean for conservation and poverty alleviation?
Where are commodity crops certified, and what does it mean for conservation and poverty alleviation?
Voluntary sustainability standards have expanded dramatically over the last decade. In the agricultural sector, such standards aim to ensure environmentally and socially sustainable production of a variety of commodity crops. However, little is known about where agricultural certification operates and whether certified lands are best located for conserving the world’s most important biodiversity and benefiting the most vulnerable producers. To examine these questions we developed the first global map of commodity crop certification, synthesizing data from over one million farms to reveal the distribution of certification in unprecedented detail. It highlights both geographical clusters of certification as well as spatial bias in the location of certification with respect to environmental, livelihood and physical variables. Excluding organic certification, for which spatial data were not available, most certification of commodity crops is in tropical regions. Certification appears to be concentrated in areas important for biodiversity conservation, but not in those areas most in need of poverty alleviation, although there were exceptions to each of these patterns. We argue that the impact of sustainability standards could be increased by identifying places where it would be most beneficial to strengthen, consolidate, and expand certification. To achieve this, standards organizations will need to undertake more rigorous collection of spatial data, and more detailed analysis of their existing reach and impacts, with attention to potential trade-offs between different objectives. Efforts to promote spatial prioritization will require new partnerships to align specific conservation aims with the interests and capabilities of farmers.
Tayleur, C., Balmford, A., Buchanan, G. M. et al (2018) Where are commodity crops certified, and what does it mean for conservation and poverty alleviation? Biological Conservation, 217: 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.09.024
This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006320716309582
This is an output of a CCI Collaborative Fund project: Eco-certification of tropical crops.
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Collaboration / Project(s)
Eco-certification of tropical crops
Eco-certification of crops such as coffee, oil palm and soybeans is changing the way these crops are grown across large parts of the tropics. Certification bodies reward farmers, co-operatives and companies for farming in an ecologically and socially responsible way, such as by avoiding deforestation, using fewer pesticides and treating workers fairly. However, the benefits…